Despite a lack of consensus for BCR treatment among guideline associations and medical societies, risk stratification of patients is essential for personalized treatment approaches, as it allows for an informed selection of therapeutic strategies and estimation of adverse events.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise as biomarkers in liquid biopsy for prostate cancer (PCa), enhancing diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Metabolomics complements EV analysis, offering insights into PCa biomarkers, highlighting a robust approach for improving PCa management.

The use of ctDNA in GU cancers has multi-faceted applications and a promising future. Early detection and screening remain a significant unmet need in GU cancers, and meeting this need holds great potential to reduce cancer-related mortality and morbidity. As screening methods for GU cancers are widely debated or non-existent, ctDNA will...

Elastography is a technique that evaluates organ tissue either in a colour-coded map or through an objective quantitative value. Most ultrasound machines include elastography as a standard tool, providing high diagnostic accuracy when a multi-US imaging approach is used to evaluate the tissue. The recent diagnostic advancement of elastography...

This clinical case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in conducting comprehensive diagnostic studies that unfortunately remain unstandardized to this day. The rarity of the entity together with the late diagnosis poses a great challenge in choosing an appropriate treatment to improve the prognosis.